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Training in the same sort of environment is useful for tasks that require intense focus, such as surgery.
What design elements affect playground use? What defines a well-designed primary school? What features do children want in common hospital spaces? Recent studies answer these questions.
The author summarizes much of the most important environmental psychology research related to the design of learning spaces, and her 2004 e-book remains valuable.
Spoken language is inherently distracting.
Accessibility and theme affect what is visited.
Several recent articles have probed the importance of integrating nature into academic design.
School acoustics is only one aspect of a successful school plan. Three web sites provide additional useful information to inform school, playground, and outdoor space design.
Understanding the school as a teachers’ work environment is particularly important in light of current educational reforms that are changing the way time, students, and knowledge are organized in the high school.
The right environment increases the use of stairs.
Elementary school teachers assess the teaching and learning activities promoted by five different classroom shapes (shallow rectangle, deep rectangle, T-shaped, fat-L-shaped and cross-shaped) in this research report.
When elementary school teachers were asked to assess the teaching and learning activities promoted by five different classroom shapes (shallow rectangle, deep rectangle, T-shaped, fat-L-shaped and cross-shaped), they believed the classrooms fell into two distinct usage sets, with the T-shaped, fat-L-shaped and cross-shaped classroom designs being more suitable for innovative teaching than the rectangle shapes, but that the rectangles “facilitate control and focus in teaching and learning activities.”
One segment of the teachers participating in this study, who indicated that they “emphasize in the conduct of teaching and learning activities: exploration, examination, inquiry, hands-on involvement, independence and spontaneity, small group and/or individualized curriculum, and class development emerging out of activities” believed that the cross-shaped classroom would best meet their teaching needs, while the rectangular classrooms would least support their teaching techniques. They believed that a cross-shaped classroom is “adjustable to a variety of student orientations, promotes the conduct of diverse activity, and permits multiple spaces-uses with flow potentials between them.”
A second group of teachers, who are fairly similar to the first group in also favoring “exploring, examining, and inquiring activities in the classroom, together with a hands-on approach to student learning,” preferred the fat-L shape (with a second choice of a T-shaped classroom) because it is “adaptable to a variety of student-activity orientations—one that permitted multiple space uses with flow potentials between them, and one that was nonstandard in shape.” These teachers also believed that the rectangular-shaped classrooms would most poorly meet their needs.
Teachers favoring “independence and spontaneity in student expression, the use of exploration, examination, and inquiry in instruction, and a hands-on approach to student learning” also favored the fat-L or T-shaped most (and least preferred the rectangular classroom shapes) because they are “adaptable for multiple and diverse student-activity, support alternate spatial arrangements of student working facilities, and allow for separation of activities with privacy.” The teachers who believed that the rectangular layouts best facilitated their teaching activities generally seemed more concerned than other teachers with a layout that facilitates supervision and observation of students.
This article provides information that can be used to align classroom shapes in school buildings, community centers, and other places with the teaching styles and needs of the individuals who will actually teach in those spaces.
Amedeo, Douglas, and James Dyck. 2003. Activity-enhancing arenas of designs: A case study of the classroom layout. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, vol. 20, pp. 323–43.